[SPCA] Finish arrays, strings, some fixes

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/03_arrays.c

@@ -11,5 +11,10 @@ int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
     printf( "%d\n", *( data + 5 ) ); // equivalent as above
     int multidim[ 5 ][ 5 ];          // 2-dimensional array
                                      // We can iterate over it using two for-loops
+    int init_array[ 2 ][ 2 ] = {
+        {1, 2},
+        {3, 4}
+    };                       // We can initialize an array like this
+    int empty_arr[ 4 ] = {}; // Initialized to 0
     return 0;
 }

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/04_strings.c

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+    char hello[ 6 ] = "hello";                           // Using double quotes
+    char world[ 6 ] = { 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '\0' }; // As array
+
+    char src[ 12 ], dest[ 12 ];
+    strncpy( src, "ETHZ", 12 );     // Copy strings (extra elements will be set to \0)
+    strncpy( dest, src, 12 );       // Copy strings (last arg is first n chars to copy)
+    if ( strncmp( src, dest, 12 ) ) // Compare two strings. Returns 1 if src > dest
+        printf( "Hello World" );
+    strncat( dest, " is in ZH", 12 ); // Concatenate strings
+    return 0;
+}

semester3/spca/parts/00_c/01_basics/05_strings.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+\subsubsection{Strings}
+\lC\ doesn't have a \texttt{string} data type, but rather, strings are represented (when using \texttt{ASCII}) as \texttt{char} arrays,
+with length of the array $n + 1$ (where $n$ is the number of characters of the string).
+The extra element is the termination character, called the \texttt{null character}, denoted \verb|\0|.
+To determine the actual length of the string (as it may be padded), we can use \verb|strnlen(str, maxlen)| from \texttt{string.h}
+\inputcodewithfilename{c}{code-examples/00_c/}{04_strings.c}

semester3/spca/parts/00_c/02_preprocessor/00_intro.tex

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+\subsection{The C preprocessor}

semester3/spca/spca-summary.tex

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 \input{parts/00_c/01_basics/04_arrays.tex}
 \input{parts/00_c/01_basics/05_strings.tex}
 \input{parts/00_c/01_basics/06_pointers.tex}
+\input{parts/00_c/02_preprocessor/00_intro.tex}
 
 
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