mirror of
https://github.com/janishutz/eth-summaries.git
synced 2026-04-28 16:19:23 +02:00
[PS] variance
This commit is contained in:
Binary file not shown.
@@ -28,14 +28,15 @@ $$
|
||||
\subtext{$X: \Omega \to \R,\quad W \cleq \N,\quad \phi: \R \to \R$}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{center}
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
|
||||
$\text{Ber}(p)$ & $\E[X] = p$ \\
|
||||
$\text{Poisson}(\lambda)$ & $\E[X] = \lambda$ \\
|
||||
$\text{Bin}(n,p)$ & $\E[X] = n\cdot p$ \\
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{l|l|l}
|
||||
$\text{Ber}(p)$ & $\E[X] = p$ & $\V[X] = p(1-p)$\\
|
||||
$\text{Poisson}(\lambda)$ & $\E[X] = \lambda$ & $\V[X] = \lambda$\\
|
||||
$\text{Bin}(n,p)$ & $\E[X] = n\cdot p$ & $\V[X] = np(1-p)$\\
|
||||
$\mathbb{I}_A$ & $\E[\mathbb{I}_A] = \P[A]$ \\
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\end{center}
|
||||
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\subsection{Stetiger Erwartungswert}
|
||||
|
||||
\definition \textbf{Erwartungswert} (stetig)
|
||||
@@ -43,3 +44,129 @@ $$
|
||||
\E[X] = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} x \cdot f(x)\ dx
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\subtext{$X: \Omega \to \R,\quad f(x) \text{ Dichtefunktion}$}
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Linearität}
|
||||
\begin{align*}
|
||||
\text{(i)} &\quad \E[\lambda X] &=& \lambda \E[X] \\
|
||||
\text{(ii)} &\quad \E[X + Y] &=& \E[X] + \E[Y]
|
||||
\end{align*}
|
||||
\subtext{$X,Y:\Omega\to\R,\quad\lambda\in\R$}
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Monotonie}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
X \leq Y \implies \E[X] \leq \E[Y]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Multiplikation}\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$X,Y$ unabhängig}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\E[X \cdot Y] = \E[X]\cdot\E[Y]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Dichtefunktion bei Abbildungen}\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$\phi:\R\to\R$ stückweise stetig, beschränkt}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
f \text{ Dichte von } X \iff \E[\phi(X)] = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\phi(x)f(x)\ dx
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\subtext{$f:\R\to\R_+$ s.d. $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x\ dx = 1)$}
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Unabhängigkeit} (durch Abbildungen)\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$\forall \phi,\psi:\R\to\R$ stückweise stetig, beschränkt}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
X,Y \text{ unabh.} \iff \E[\phi(X)\psi(Y)] = \E[\phi(X)]\cdot\E[\psi(Y)]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\subtext{Auch verallgemeinert für $X_1,\ldots,X_n$, $\phi_1,\ldots,\phi_n$}
|
||||
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\subsection{Ungleichungen}
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Markov}\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$X \geq 0,\quad g: X(\Omega)\to[0,\infty)$ wachsend}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\forall c \in \R \text{ s.d. } g(c)>0:\qquad \P[X \geq c] \leq \frac{\E[g(X)]}{g(c)}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Jensen}\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$\phi:\R\to\R$ konvex,$\quad \E[\phi(X)],\E[X]$ wohldefiniert}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\phi\Bigl(\E[X]\Bigr)\leq\E\Bigl[\phi(X)\Bigr]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Dreiecksungleichung}\\
|
||||
\subtext{Jensen mit $\phi(X) = |X|$ und $\phi(X) = X^2$}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\Bigl\vert\E[X]\Bigr\vert\leq\E\Bigl[\vert X\vert\Bigr] \qquad \E[|X|] \leq \sqrt{\E[X^2]}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\theorem \textbf{Chebychev}\\
|
||||
\subtext{$Y$ s.d. $\V[Y] < \infty,\quad c>0$}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\P\Bigl[ |Y-\E[Y]| \geq c \Bigr] \leq \frac{\V[Y]}{c^2}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\subsection{Varianz}
|
||||
|
||||
\definition \textbf{Varianz}\\
|
||||
\subtext{$\E[X^2]<\infty$}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\mathbb{V}[X] := \E\Bigl[ (X - \E[X])^2 \Bigr]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\definition \textbf{Standardabweichung}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\rho(X) := \sqrt{\mathbb{V}[X]}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
{\scriptsize
|
||||
\notation Auch $\rho, \rho_X$
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Varianz} (Alternativ)
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\mathbb{V}[X] = \E[X^2]-\E[X]^2
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Eigenschaften}
|
||||
\begin{align*}
|
||||
\text{(i)} &\quad \V[X] \geq 0 \\
|
||||
\text{(ii)} &\quad \V[aX] = a^2\V[X] \\
|
||||
\text{(iii)} &\quad \V[X+a] = \V[X]
|
||||
\end{align*}
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Addition} (Unabhängigkeit)\\
|
||||
\smalltext{$X_1,\ldots,X_n$ paarweise unabhängig}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\V\Biggl[ \sum_{k=1}^{n}X_k \Biggr] = \sum_{k=1}^{n}\V[X_k]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\subsection{Kovarianz}
|
||||
|
||||
\definition \textbf{Kovarianz}\\
|
||||
\subtext{$X,Y$ s.d. $\E[X^2],\E[Y^2]<\infty$}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\text{cov}(X,Y) := \E\Bigl[ (X-\E[X])\cdot(Y-\E[Y]) \Bigr]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Kovarianz} (Alternativ)
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\text{cov}(X,Y) = \E[XY] - \E[X]\E[Y]
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
\remark $\text{cov}(X,X) = \V[X]$
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma $X,Y$ unabh. $\implies \text{cov}(X,Y)=0$\\
|
||||
\subtext{Nicht umgekehrt gültig}
|
||||
% Gegenbeispiel: Slides p.240
|
||||
|
||||
\lemma \textbf{Eigenschaften von} $\text{cov}$
|
||||
|
||||
\definition \textbf{Kovarianzmatrix}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\Sigma = \text{cov}(\textbf{X}) = \begin{bmatrix}
|
||||
\V[X_1] & \text{cov}(X_1,X_2) & \cdots & \text{cov}(X_1,X_n) \\
|
||||
\text{cov}(X_2,X_1) & \text{cov}(X_2,X_2) & \cdots & \text{cov}(X_2,X_n) \\
|
||||
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
|
||||
\text{cov}(X_n,X_1) & \text{cov}(X_n,X_2) & \cdots & \text{cov}(X_n,X_n)
|
||||
\end{bmatrix}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\subtext{$\textbf{X} = (X_1,\ldots,X_n)^\top$}
|
||||
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
|
||||
\def \P{\mathbb{P}}
|
||||
\def \F{\mathcal{F}}
|
||||
\def \E{\mathbb{E}}
|
||||
\def \I{\mathbb{I}}
|
||||
\def \V{\mathbb{V}}
|
||||
|
||||
% Titles
|
||||
\def \definition{\colorbox{lightgray}{Def} }
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user