% ▄▄ % ▀████▄ ▄███▀ ██ ███ % ████ ████ ██ ██ % █ ██ ▄█ ██ ▄█▀██▄ ██████ ███████▄ % █ ██ █▀ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ % █ ██▄█▀ ██ ▄█████ ██ ██ ██ % █ ▀██▀ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ % ▄███▄ ▀▀ ▄████▄████▀██▄ ▀███████ ████▄ \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \renewcommand{\hat}[1]{\widehat{#1}} \renewcommand{\tilde}[1]{\widetilde{#1}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}} \newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}} \newcommand{\8}{\infty} \newcommand{\dx}{\mbox{d}} \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor #1 \right\rfloor} \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil #1 \right\rceil} \newcommand{\hastoeq}{\overset{!}{=}} \newcommand{\Leftrightarrowequiv}{\overset{\cdot}{\Leftrightarrow}} \newcommand{\Longleftrightarrowequiv}{\overset{\cdot}{\Longleftrightarrow}} \newcommand{\Rightarrowequiv}{\overset{\cdot}{\Rightarrow}} \newcommand{\Leftarrowequiv}{\overset{\cdot}{\Leftarrow}} \newcommand{\defAs}{\overset{\text{def}}{=}} \newcommand{\defEquiv}{\overset{\text{def}}{\Leftrightarrow}} \newcommand{\defImplies}{\overset{\text{def}}{\Rightarrow}} \newcommand{\divides}{\hspace{0.25em}|\hspace{0.25em}} \newcommand{\mbeq}{\overset{!}{=}} \newcommand{\lcm}{\text{lcm}}