\subsection{Forward Kinematics (FK)} $\mat{T}_{WB_n}(\vec{\theta}) = \mat{T}_{WB_0} \mat{T}_{B_0B_1}(\theta_1) \cdots \mat{T}_{B_{n - 1}B_n}(\theta_n)$. For 2R system: ${_W}\vec{t}_{WE} =$ {\scriptsize $ \begin{bmatrix} L_1 \cos(\theta_1) + L_2 \cos(\theta_1 + \theta_2) \\ L_1 \sin(\theta_1) + L_2 \sin(\theta_1 + \theta_2) \end{bmatrix}$\\ } Workspace $W$: $\theta_1, \theta_2 \in [-\pi, \pi]$. \bi{Computation} Similar for $n$R sys (more angles, more lengths). Last dim is typically sum of angles (or equiv). \bi{For velocity kinematics}: Comp. Jacobian of this $nD$ position ($nD$ pos is vec). ${_W}\vec{t}_{WE} \mat{J}(\vec{\theta}) \cdot \vec{\dot{\theta}}$ \bi{Jacobian}: see \ref{sec:ms-lin}. \shortdefinition[Singularity] Loss of deg of Freedom $\det(\mat{J}(\vec{\theta})) = 0$