[SPCA] Start C syntax summary

semester3/spca/code-examples/.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+#          ╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+#          │               clang-format config               │
+#          ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+BasedOnStyle: LLVM
+AccessModifierOffset: -2
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
+AlignArrayOfStructures: Left
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: true
+AlignConsecutiveBitFields:
+  Enabled: true
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveMacros:
+  Enabled: true
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements:
+  Enabled: true
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCaseArrows: false
+  AlignCaseColons: false
+AlignConsecutiveTableGenBreakingDAGArgColons:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveTableGenCondOperatorColons:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveTableGenDefinitionColons:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
+AlignOperands: Align
+AlignTrailingComments:
+  Kind: Always
+  OverEmptyLines: 0
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
+AllowBreakBeforeNoexceptSpecifier: Never
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortCaseExpressionOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCompoundRequirementOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AttributeMacros:
+  - __capability
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel: false
+  AfterClass: false
+  AfterControlStatement: Never
+  AfterEnum: false
+  AfterFunction: false
+  AfterNamespace: false
+  AfterObjCDeclaration: false
+  AfterStruct: true
+  AfterUnion: false
+  AfterExternBlock: false
+  BeforeCatch: false
+  BeforeElse: false
+  BeforeLambdaBody: false
+  BeforeWhile: false
+  IndentBraces: false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: true
+  SplitEmptyRecord: true
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
+BreakAdjacentStringLiterals: true
+BreakAfterAttributes: Always
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
+BreakAfterReturnType: None
+BreakArrays: true
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: All
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+BreakBeforeConceptDeclarations: Always
+BreakBeforeInlineASMColon: OnlyMultiline
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
+BreakFunctionDefinitionParameters: false
+BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+BreakTemplateDeclarations: MultiLine
+ColumnLimit: 100
+CommentPragmas: "^ IWYU pragma:"
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: true
+DisableFormat: false
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Never
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: Always
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+ForEachMacros:
+  - foreach
+  - Q_FOREACH
+  - BOOST_FOREACH
+IfMacros:
+  - KJ_IF_MAYBE
+IncludeBlocks: Preserve
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex: ^"(llvm|llvm-c|clang|clang-c)/
+    Priority: 2
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: ^(<|"(gtest|gmock|isl|json)/)
+    Priority: 3
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: .*
+    Priority: 1
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+IncludeIsMainRegex: (Test)?$
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ""
+IndentAccessModifiers: true
+IndentCaseBlocks: true
+IndentCaseLabels: true
+IndentExternBlock: AfterExternBlock
+IndentGotoLabels: true
+IndentPPDirectives: BeforeHash
+IndentRequiresClause: true
+IndentWidth: 4
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: true
+InsertBraces: false
+InsertNewlineAtEOF: false
+InsertTrailingCommas: None
+IntegerLiteralSeparator:
+  Binary: 0
+  BinaryMinDigits: 0
+  Decimal: 0
+  DecimalMinDigits: 0
+  Hex: 0
+  HexMinDigits: 0
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLines:
+  AtEndOfFile: false
+  AtStartOfBlock: true
+  AtStartOfFile: true
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+LineEnding: DeriveLF
+MacroBlockBegin: ""
+MacroBlockEnd: ""
+MainIncludeChar: Quote
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Auto
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
+ObjCBreakBeforeNestedBlockParam: true
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PPIndentWidth: -1
+PackConstructorInitializers: BinPack
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 19
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 0
+PenaltyBreakScopeResolution: 500
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 60
+PointerAlignment: Right
+QualifierAlignment: Left
+ReferenceAlignment: Pointer
+ReflowComments: true
+RemoveBracesLLVM: true
+RemoveParentheses: MultipleParentheses
+RemoveSemicolon: false
+RequiresClausePosition: OwnLine
+RequiresExpressionIndentation: OuterScope
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Always
+ShortNamespaceLines: 1
+SkipMacroDefinitionBody: false
+SortIncludes: CaseSensitive
+SortJavaStaticImport: Before
+SortUsingDeclarations: LexicographicNumeric
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: true
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: Default
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: true
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeJsonColon: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeParensOptions:
+  AfterControlStatements: true
+  AfterForeachMacros: true
+  AfterFunctionDeclarationName: true
+  AfterFunctionDefinitionName: true
+  AfterIfMacros: true
+  AfterOverloadedOperator: false
+  AfterPlacementOperator: true
+  AfterRequiresInClause: false
+  AfterRequiresInExpression: false
+  BeforeNonEmptyParentheses: false
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
+SpacesInAngles: Never
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInLineCommentPrefix:
+  Minimum: 1
+  Maximum: -1
+SpacesInParens: Custom
+SpacesInParensOptions:
+  ExceptDoubleParentheses: false
+  InConditionalStatements: true
+  InCStyleCasts: false
+  InEmptyParentheses: false
+  Other: true
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: true
+Standard: Latest
+StatementAttributeLikeMacros:
+  - Q_EMIT
+StatementMacros:
+  - Q_UNUSED
+  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
+TabWidth: 4
+TableGenBreakInsideDAGArg: DontBreak
+UseTab: Never
+VerilogBreakBetweenInstancePorts: true
+WhitespaceSensitiveMacros:
+  - BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE
+  - CF_SWIFT_NAME
+  - NS_SWIFT_NAME
+  - PP_STRINGIZE
+  - STRINGIZE

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/00_intro.c

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This is a line comment
+/* this is a block comment */
+#include "01_func.h" // Relative import
+
+int i = 0; // This allocates an integer on the stack
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+    // This is the function body of a function (here the main function)
+    // which serves as the entrypoint to the program in C and has arguments
+    printf( "Argc: %d\n", argc );    // Number of arguments passed, always >= 1
+                                     // (first argument is the executable name)
+    for ( int i = 0; i < argc; i++ ) // For loop just like any other sane programming language
+        printf( "Arg %d: %s\n", i, argv[ i ] ); // Outputs the i-th argument from CLI
+
+    get_user_input_int( "Select a number" );
+}

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/01_func.c

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "01_func.h"
+
+int get_user_input_int( char prompt[] ) {
+    int input_data;
+    printf( "%s", prompt );     // Always wrap strings like this for printf
+    scanf( "%d", &input_data ); // Get user input from CLI
+
+    // If statements just like any other language
+    if ( input_data )
+        printf( "Not 0" );
+    else
+        printf( "Input is zero" );
+
+    switch ( input_data ) {
+        case 5:
+            printf( "You win!" );
+            break; // Doesn't fall through
+        case 6:
+            printf( "You were close" ); // Falls through
+        default:
+            printf( "No win" ); // Case for any not covered input
+    }
+
+    int input_data_copy = input_data;
+
+    while ( input_data > 1 ) {
+        input_data -= 1;
+        printf( "Hello World" );
+    }
+
+    do {
+        input_data -= 1;
+        printf( "Bye World" );
+    } while ( input_data_copy > 1 );
+
+    return 0;
+}

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/01_func.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <stdio.h> // Import from system path
+                   // (like library imports in other languages)
+
+int get_user_input_int( char prompt[] );

semester3/spca/parts/00_c/00_intro.tex

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 I can clearly C why you'd want to use C. Already sorry in advance for all the bad C jokes that are going to be part of this section
 
-\texttt{C} is a compiled, low-level programming language, lacking many features modern high-level programming languages offer, like Object Oriented programming, true Functional Programming, Garbage Collection, complex abstract datatypes and vectors, just to name a few. (It is possible to replicate these, more on this later).
+\texttt{C} is a compiled, low-level programming language, lacking many features modern high-level programming languages offer, like Object Oriented programming,
+true Functional Programming (like Haskell implements), Garbage Collection, complex abstract datatypes and vectors, just to name a few.
+(It is possible to replicate these using Preprocessor macros, more on this later).
 
-On the other hand, it offers the ability to directly integrate assembly code into the \texttt{.c} files, as well as bit level data manipulation and extensive memory management options, again just to name a few.
+On the other hand, it offers the ability to directly integrate assembly code into the \texttt{.c} files,
+as well as bit level data manipulation and extensive memory management options, again just to name a few.
 
-This of course leads to \texttt{C} performing excellently and there are many programming languages who's compiler doesn't directly produce machine code or assembly, but instead optimized \texttt{C} code that is then compiled into machine code using a \texttt{C} compiler.
+This of course leads to \texttt{C} performing excellently and there are many programming languages who's compiler doesn't directly produce machine code or assembly,
-This has a number of benefits, most notably that \texttt{C} compilers can produce very efficient assembly, as lots of effort is put into the \texttt{C} compilers by the hardware manufacturers.
+but instead optimized \texttt{C} code that is then compiled into machine code using a \texttt{C} compiler.
+This has a number of benefits, most notably that \texttt{C} compilers can produce very efficient assembly, 
+as lots of effort is put into the \texttt{C} compilers by the hardware manufacturers.

semester3/spca/parts/00_c/01_syntax.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+\subsection{The Syntax}
+\texttt{C} uses a very similar syntax as many other programming languages, like \texttt{Java}, \texttt{JavaScript} and many more\dots
+to be precise, it is \textit{them} that use the \texttt{C} syntax, not the other way around. So:
+\inputcodewithfilename{c}{code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/}{00_intro.c}
+\inputcodewithfilename{c}{code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/}{01_func.h}
+\inputcodewithfilename{c}{code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/}{01_func.c}

semester3/spca/spca-summary.tex

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 \documentclass{article}
 
-\newcommand{\dir}{~/projects/latex}
+\input{~/projects/latex/dist/full.tex}
-\input{\dir/include.tex}
-\load{recommended}
 
 \setup{Systems Programming and Computer Architecture}
 
@@ -57,6 +55,7 @@
 \newsection
 \section{The C Programming Language}
 \input{parts/00_c/00_intro.tex}
+\input{parts/00_c/01_syntax.tex}
 
 
 % ── Intro to x86 asm ────────────────────────────────────────────────