[SPCA] Start C syntax summary

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/00_intro.c

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+// This is a line comment
+/* this is a block comment */
+#include "01_func.h" // Relative import
+
+int i = 0; // This allocates an integer on the stack
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+    // This is the function body of a function (here the main function)
+    // which serves as the entrypoint to the program in C and has arguments
+    printf( "Argc: %d\n", argc );    // Number of arguments passed, always >= 1
+                                     // (first argument is the executable name)
+    for ( int i = 0; i < argc; i++ ) // For loop just like any other sane programming language
+        printf( "Arg %d: %s\n", i, argv[ i ] ); // Outputs the i-th argument from CLI
+
+    get_user_input_int( "Select a number" );
+}

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/01_func.c

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+#include "01_func.h"
+
+int get_user_input_int( char prompt[] ) {
+    int input_data;
+    printf( "%s", prompt );     // Always wrap strings like this for printf
+    scanf( "%d", &input_data ); // Get user input from CLI
+
+    // If statements just like any other language
+    if ( input_data )
+        printf( "Not 0" );
+    else
+        printf( "Input is zero" );
+
+    switch ( input_data ) {
+        case 5:
+            printf( "You win!" );
+            break; // Doesn't fall through
+        case 6:
+            printf( "You were close" ); // Falls through
+        default:
+            printf( "No win" ); // Case for any not covered input
+    }
+
+    int input_data_copy = input_data;
+
+    while ( input_data > 1 ) {
+        input_data -= 1;
+        printf( "Hello World" );
+    }
+
+    do {
+        input_data -= 1;
+        printf( "Bye World" );
+    } while ( input_data_copy > 1 );
+
+    return 0;
+}

semester3/spca/code-examples/00_c/01_syntax/01_func.h

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+#include <stdio.h> // Import from system path
+                   // (like library imports in other languages)
+
+int get_user_input_int( char prompt[] );