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[PS] ch. 1
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\date{HS 2026}
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\date{HS 2026}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{document}
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\subtext{Basiert auf dem Skript von V. Tassion}
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\section{Intro}
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\section{Wahrscheinlichkeitsräume}
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\input{parts/00_intro.tex}
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\input{parts/00_intro.tex}
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\end{document}
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\end{document}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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(i) & $\P[\emptyset] = 0$ \\
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(i) & $\P[\emptyset] = 0$ \\
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(ii) & $\displaystyle\overunderset{k}{i=1}{\bigcap} A_i = \emptyset \implies \P\biggl[ \overunderset{k}{i=1}{\bigcup} A_i \biggr] = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \P[A_i]$ \\
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(ii) & $\displaystyle\overunderset{k}{i=1}{\bigcap} A_i = \emptyset \implies \P\Biggl[ \overunderset{k}{i=1}{\bigcup} A_i \Biggr] = \sum_{i=1}^{k} \P[A_i]$ \\
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(iii) & $\P[A^\comp] = 1 - \P[A]$ \\
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(iii) & $\P[A^\comp] = 1 - \P[A]$ \\
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(iv) & $\P[A \cup B] = \P[A] + \P[B] - \P[A \cap B]$
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(iv) & $\P[A \cup B] = \P[A] + \P[B] - \P[A \cap B]$
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\end{tabular}
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\end{tabular}
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(i) & $\F = \mathcal{P}(\Omega)$ \\
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(i) & $\F = \mathcal{P}(\Omega)$ \\
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(ii) & $\forall A \in \F:\quad \P[A] = \displaystyle\frac{|A|}{|\Omega|}$
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(ii) & $\forall A \in \F:\quad \P[A] = \displaystyle\frac{|A|}{|\Omega|}$
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\end{tabular}
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\end{tabular}
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\lemma \textbf{Nützliche Ungleichungen}
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\begin{tabular}{lll}
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(i) & $A \subseteq B \implies \P[A] \leq \P[B]$ & \subtext{(Monotonie)} \\
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(ii) & $\P \Biggl[ \displaystyle\overunderset{\infty}{i=1}{\bigcup} A_i \Biggr] \leq \sum_{\infty}^{i=1}\P[A_i]$ & \subtext{(Union Bound)}
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\end{tabular}
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\subtext{$A_1,A_2,\ldots$ müssen \textit{nicht} disjunkt sein.}
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\lemma \textbf{Stetigkeit} von $\P$ gegen $\infty$\\
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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(i) & $\forall n: A_n \subseteq A_{n+1} \implies \limn \P[A_n] = \P \Biggl[ \displaystyle\overunderset{\infty}{n=1}{\bigcup} A_n \Biggr]$ \\
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(ii) & $\forall n: B_n \supseteq B_{n+1} \implies \limn \P[B_n] = \P \Biggl[ \displaystyle\overunderset{\infty}{n=1}{\bigcap} B_n \Biggr]$
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\end{tabular}
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\subtext{$(A_n), (B_n)$ sind monotone Folgen von Ereignissen}
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\definition \textbf{Bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeit}
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$$
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\P\bigl[A\ \big|\ B\bigr] := \frac{\P[A \cap B]}{\P[B]}
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$$
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\subtext{$A,B \in \F,\quad \P[B] > 0$}
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\begin{footnotesize}
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\lemma $\P\bigl[ A \big| A \bigr] = 1$
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\color{gray}
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$\qquad\P[A] > 0$
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\color{black}
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\end{footnotesize}
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\lemma \textbf{Totale Wahrscheinlichkeit}
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$$
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\forall A \in \F:\quad \P[A] = \sum_{i=1}^{n}\P\bigl[ A \big| B_i \bigr] \cdot \P[B_i]
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$$
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\subtext{$B_1,\cdots,B_n$ sind eine Partition von $\Omega$, $\P[B_i] > 0$.}
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\lemma \textbf{Bayes}
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$$
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\forall i = 1,\cdots,n:\quad \P\bigl[ B_i \big| A \bigr] = \frac{\P\bigl[ A \big| B_i \bigr] \cdot \P[B_i]}{\sum_{j=1}^{n}\P\bigl[ A \big| B_j \bigr] \cdot \P[B_j]}
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$$
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\subtext{$B_1,\cdots,B_n$ sind eine Partition von $\Omega$, $\P[B_i] > 0$, $\P[A] > 0$.}
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\newpage
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\definition \textbf{Unabhängigkeit}
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$$
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A, B \text{ unabhängig } \iffdef \P[A \cap B] = \P[A] \cdot \P[B]
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$$
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\lemma \textbf{Äquivalente Aussagen zur Unabhängigkeit}
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\begin{tabular}{lll}
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(i) & $\P[A \cap B] = \P[A] \cdot \P[B]$ & \subtext{(Defintion)} \\
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(ii) & $\P[A | B] = \P[A]$ & \subtext{($B$ kein Einfluss auf $A$)} \\
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(iii) & $\P[B | A] = \P[B]$ & \subtext{($A$ kein Einfluss auf $B$)} \\
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\end{tabular}
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\subtext{$A, B \in \F,\quad \P[A], \P[B] > 0$}
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\definition \textbf{Unabhängigkeit} für Ereignissmengen
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$$
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(A_i)_{i \in I} \text{ unabhängig } \iffdef \forall J \subseteq I: \P \Biggl[ \underset{j \in J}{\bigcap} A_j \Biggr] = \prod_{j \in J} \P[A_j]
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$$
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\subtext{$I$ ist eine Indexmenge. Dies muss für \textit{alle} $J \subseteq I$ (endlich) gelten.}
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